Study on the measurement and the changing trend of the energy use of China’s economic sectors: based on cross-region input-output model

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The consumption of fossil energy is the major cause of environmental pollution. Effectively reducing the fossil energy use has important significance...     

广东省新型POPs监测防控体系建设研究

2009年和2011年斯德哥尔摩公约新纳入的9种和1种持久性有机污染物（POPs）的研究是目前国际上环境领域研究的热点之一,所引起的环境污染和人体健康问题也逐步得到中国环保部门的关注.随着国际斯德哥尔摩公约履约活动的不断深入,中国正面临着履行公约以及削减与控制持久性有机污染物的巨大挑战.本文总结了广东省新型持久性有机污染物监测防控体系建设的必要性和意义,阐述了国内外在该领域的研究现状以及对解决新型POPs问题的作用.     

Fast increasing of surface ozone concentrations in Pearl River Delta characterized by a regional air quality monitoring network during 2006-2011

Based on the observation by a Regional Air Quality Monitoring Network including 16 monitoring stations, temporal and spatial variations of ozone(O3), NO2and total oxidant(Ox) were analyzed by both linear regression and cluster analysis. A fast increase of regional O3concentrations of 0.86 ppbV/yr was found for the annual averaged values from 2006 to 2011 in Guangdong, China. Such fast O3increase is accompanied by a correspondingly fast NOx reduction as indicated by a fast NO2 reduction rate of 0.61 ppbV/yr. Based on a cluster analysis, the monitoring stations were classified into two major categories – rural stations(non-urban) and suburban/urban stations. The O3concentrations at rural stations were relatively conserved while those at suburban/urban stations showed a fast increase rate of 2.0 ppbV/yr accompanied by a NO2 reduction rate of 1.2 ppbV/yr. Moreover, a rapid increase of the averaged O3 concentrations in springtime(13%/yr referred to 2006 level) was observed, which may result from the increase of solar duration, reduction of precipitation in Guangdong and transport from Eastern Central China. Application of smog production algorithm showed that the photochemical O3production is mainly volatile organic compounds(VOC)-controlled. However, the photochemical O3production is sensitive to both NOx and VOC for O3pollution episode. Accordingly, it is expected that a combined NOx and VOC reduction will be helpful for the reduction of the O3 pollution episodes in Pearl River Delta while stringent VOC emission control is in general required for the regional O3 pollution control.     

考虑前2阶模态组合的拉索非线性参数共振研究

针对水平拉索的非线性参数共振问题,首先将桥面简化为集中质量块,建立拉索在桥面谐波位移激励下的非线性微分方程,并考虑拉索前2阶模态组合的影响,进而推导索-桥耦合的无量纲非线性运动方程组,最后以实际斜拉桥工程的拉索为例,对拉索发生参数共振的响应进行数值模拟分析。研究表明:当桥面质量块无量纲固有频率Ω3与拉索1阶无量纲固有频率Ω1M之比为2∶1时,拉索的前2阶模态位移和质量块均出现"拍"振现象,且以第1阶模态为主振动模态;而当桥面质量块无量纲固有频率Ω3与拉索2阶无量纲固有频率Ω2M之比为2∶1时,仅有第2阶模态位移和质量块出现"拍"振现象,拉索以第2阶模态为主模态振动,此时第1阶模态位移未出现"拍"振现象;考虑前2阶模态组合时,当质量块的激励频率与系统的固有频率满足参数共振频比关系2∶1时,系统将发生大幅"拍"振现象,且第1阶主模态的位移响应要远大于第2阶主模态的位移响应。     

Mercury levels and estimated total daily intakes for children and adults from an electronic waste recycling area in Taizhou, China: Key role of rice and fish consumption

In order to assess the potential health risks of Hg pollution, total mercury (T–Hg) and methyl mercury (MeHg) concentrations were determined in air, dust, surface soil, crops, poultry, fish and human hair samples from an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling area in Taizhou, China. High concentrations of T–Hg and MeHg were found in these multiple matrices, and the mean concentration was 30.7 ng/m³ of T–Hg for atmosphere samples, 3.1 μg/g of T–Hg for soil, 37.6 μg/g of T–Hg for dust, 20.3 ng/g of MeHg for rice and 178.1 ng/g of MeHg for fish, suggesting that the e-waste recycling facility was a significant source of Hg. The inorganic Hg (I–Hg) levels (0.84 μg/g) in hair samples of e-waste workers were much higher than that in the reference samples. Pearson''s correlation coefficients showed that strong positive correlations (p < 0.01) between hair I–Hg and time staying in industrial area (r = 0.81) and between MeHg and fish consumption frequency (r = 0.91), imply that workers were mainly exposed to Hg vapor through long-time inhalation of contaminated air and dust, while other population mainly exposed to MeHg through high-frequency fish consumption. The estimated daily intakes of Hg showed that dietary intake was the major Hg exposure source, and Hg intakes from rice and fish were significantly higher than from any other foods. The estimated total daily intakes (TDIs) of MeHg for both children (696.8 ng/(kg·day)) and adults (381.3 ng/(kg·day)) greatly exceeded the dietary reference dose (RfD) of 230 ng/(kg·day), implying greater health risk for humans from Hg exposures around e-waste recycling facilities.     

厌氧系统中碱处理对污泥减量的影响

碱解预处理污泥和原污泥按一定比例进行混合后,投入厌氧反应器中进行消化,研究其对污泥减量化的影响。结果表明,该处理既可以提高污泥减量率,又能改善污泥厌氧消化性能,提高污泥产气量。当碱处理污泥和原污泥混合比为1∶3时,在混合初期由于稀释作用和水解中和作用,溶液的pH能迅速恢复到中性。SS减少48%,较对照组提高了10%;SCOD减少约80%,较对照组提高20%,而空白对照组因未发生溶胞作用,各参数值均处于较低水平,降解率也维持在较低水平。     

11种农药对淡水发光细菌青海弧菌Q67的毒性研究

以淡水发光细菌青海弧菌Q67作为测试菌剂,利用水质毒性分析仪对11种农药进行了毒性研究,获得11种农药与青海弧菌的剂量-效应关系.结果表明,作用时间为15 min时,5种可溶农药对青海弧菌Q67的毒性大小为敌敌畏＞敌百虫＞杀虫单＞乐果＞乙酰甲胺磷,6种难溶于水农药的毒性大小为甲氨基阿维菌素＞甲胺磷＞莎稗磷＞高效氯氰菊酯...     

室内空气中颗粒物污染特征研究

为获得室内空气颗粒物污染特征,2009年8月18～24日在某单位工作及生活区选取4个室内点和1个室外点进行颗粒物采样和成分分析.结果表明,室内粗颗粒(PM10)符合<室内空气质量标准>(GB/T 18883-2002),而细粒子(PM2.5)的浓度水平较高,表明室内PM2.5的污染较重;室内与室外PM2.5比值显示,P...     

国际生态学研究发展态势文献计量分析

目前,全球的生态环境问题已经引起了各国政府和人民的高度关注,而生态学研究可以为人类与自然生态系统的共存提供理论依据和行动指南。利用Thomson Data Analyzer、NetDraw和Aureka等分析工具,结合Pathfinder算法,对SCIE和SSCI数据库中国际生态学研究相关文献进行统计分析,发现：北美、欧洲、澳大利亚等国及其研究机构在生态学领域的论文影响力较大,论文质量较高;美国是全球生态学研究合作网络的中心,其次是英国和德国;在机构层面上,加州大学戴维斯分校和马普学会是两个比较明显的合作中心;我国在生态学研究领域发文量上具有一定的优势,但论文总体质量仍有待继续提高,目前我国在生态学领域的主要合作国家有美国、英国、加拿大、德国、日本、澳大利亚和法国;2008—2010年国际生态学研究热点主要集中在生物多样性、气候变化、基因变异、物种间相互作用和性选择等研究领域。     

Cd对野茼蒿种子发芽的影响

为了研究重金属Cd在野茼蒿生长初期所产生的毒性效应,本文以野茼蒿种子为实验材料,分别设定了低浓度组(0、0.2、0.5、0.8、1.0和5.0 mg·L-1)和高浓度组(0、10、25、50和100 mg·L-1)2组实验,对在Cd胁迫作用下野茼蒿种子的萌发生长进行了研究.结果表明:在低浓度(＜5 mg·L-1)下,C...